Present Subjunctive
Prerequisite: Present Indicative
Root = yo form of present indicative minus final “O”
bailar –> bailo –> bail-
conocer –> conozco –> conozc-
salir –> salgo –> salg-
Regular Verbs
bailar | conocer | salir | |
yo | baile | conozca | salga |
tú | bailes | conozcas | salgas |
usted, él, ella | baile | conozca | salga |
nosotros | bailemos | conozcamos | salgamos |
vosotros | bailéis | conozcáis | salgáis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | bailen | conozcan | salgan |
Irregular Verbs
1. Stem-changing
-AR, -ER use infinitive stem in nosotros/vosotros
pensar | entender | |
yo | piense | entienda |
tú | pienses | entiendas |
usted, él, ella | piense | entienda |
nosotros | pensemos | entendamos |
vosotros | penséis | entendáis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | piensen | entiendan |
-IR with O –> UE in present indicative becomes O –> U in nosotros/vosotros
-IR with E –> IE in present indicative becomes E –> I in nosotros and vosotros
-IR with E –> I in present indicative is a regular verb
dormir | mentir | pedir | |
yo | duerma | mienta | pida |
tú | duermas | mientas | pidas |
usted, él, ella | duerma | mienta | pida |
nosotros | durmamos | mintamos | pidamos |
vosotros | durmáis | mintáis | pidáis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | duerman | mientan | pidan |
2. Spelling change
Three common verb types: -GAR, -CAR, -ZAR
pagar | sacar | cazar | |
yo | pague | saque | cace |
tú | pagues | saques | caces |
usted, él, ella | pague | saque | cace |
nosotros | paguemos | saquemos | cacemos |
vosotros | paguéis | saquéis | cacéis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | paguen | saquen | cacen |
3. Alternative stem
Yo form of present indicative does not end in “O”.
ser | ir | saber | |
yo | sea | vaya | sepa |
tú | seas | vayas | sepas |
usted, él, ella | sea | vaya | sepa |
nosotros | seamos | vayamos | sepamos |
vosotros | seáis | vayáis | sepáis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | sean | vayan | sepan |
estar | dar | |
yo | esté | dé |
tú | estés | des |
usted, él, ella | esté | dé |
nosotros | estemos | demos |
vosotros | estéis | deis |
ustedes, ellos, ellas | estén | den |
haber –> haya
Comments
Comment + que + subjunctive
Subjects must be different
1. Emotions
e.g. Estoy feliz que estudies.
2. Wants (hopes, wishes, needs)
e.g. Esperamos que Miguel gane.
3.Recommendations (suggestions, requests)
e.g. Recomiendo que leas el libro.
4. Obligating and allowing
e.g. Obligo que estudies.
5. Doubt
e.g. Dudo que tengas cinco casas.
6. Judgment
e.g. Es malo que Pablo no pueda leer.
Relative Clauses
1. Unrealized events
e.g. Voy a comer en cuanto termine la cena.
2. Non-existent and non-specific subjects
e.g. No hay nadie que viva en la luna.
e.g. Necesito un libro que explique la filosofÃa.
3. Non-specific actions
e.g. Podemos ir cuando quieras.
4. Purpose and condition
e.g. Trabajo para que puedas estudiar.
e.g. Puedo ir con tal que tú vayas también.
5. por + adjective/adverb + que
e.g. Por mucho que estudie, no entiendo.
6. Object of relative is a superlative
e.g. Eres el mejor amigo que yo haya tenido.
7. Exhortation/plea
e.g. Qué tengas un buen dÃa.
e.g. ¡Qué viva el cumpleañero!
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive Conjugation, Regular Verbs
Present Subjunctive, Conjugation, Regular
Conjugate the given verb in the present subjunctive.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive Conjugation, Irregular Verbs
Present Subjunctive, Conjugation, Irregular
Conjugate the given verb in the present subjunctive.
Present Subjunctive, Conjugation, All Verbs
Conjugate the given verb in the present subjunctive.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive Conjugation, Final Details
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Comments: Introduction, Emotions
estoy triste | I am sad |
estoy feliz/alegre, me alegro | I am happy |
me alegra | it makes me happy |
siento | I’m sorry |
estoy preocupado, me preocupo | I am worried |
me preocupa | it worries me |
estoy nervioso | I am nervous |
tengo miedo | I am scared/afraid |
temer | to fear |
estoy enojado | I am angry |
me enoja | it angers me |
estoy sorprendido | I am surprised |
me sorprende | it surprises me |
estoy frustrado | I am frustrated |
me frustra | it frustrates me |
Present Subjunctive, Comments, Emotion
Translate the sentences to Spanish.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Comments: Wants, Recommendations
querer (e-ie) | to want |
desear | to wish, want |
esperar | to hope, wait, expect |
necesitar | to need |
pedir (e-i) | to order, ask for |
exigir | to demand |
ojalá | I hope |
recomendar (e-ie) | to recommend |
sugerir (e-ie) | to suggest |
Present Subjunctive, Comments, Want/Recommendation
Translate the sentences to Spanish.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Comments: Obligating and Allowing
hacer | to make |
obligar | to obligate, force |
exigir | to demand |
permitir | to permit, to allow |
dejar | to let, allow |
Present Subjunctive, Comments: Obligating and Allowing
Translate the phrases to Spanish.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Comments: Doubt, Judgment (Impersonal Expressions)
dudar | to doubt |
no creo (from creer) | I don´t believe, think |
no pienso (from pensar) | I don´t think |
es imposible | it´s impossible |
es improbable | it´s unlikely, improbable |
es bueno | it´s good |
es malo | it´s bad |
me gusta | I like it |
es importante | it´s important |
es mejor | it´s better |
es ridÃculo | it´s ridiculous |
es absurdo | it´s absurd |
Present Subjunctive, Comments, Doubt/Judgment
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Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Comments: Remaining Details
Present Subjunctive, Comments, Remaining Details
Translate the sentences to Spanish.
Present Subjunctive, Comments, All
Translate the sentences to Spanish.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Introduction
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Unrealized Events
Present Subjunctive, Clauses: Unrealized Events
Complete the sentences by conjugating the given verb in the present indicative or the present subjunctive.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Non-Existent or Non-Specific Subjects
Present Subjunctive, Clauses: Non-Existent or Non-Specific Subjects
Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the present subjunctive or present indicative depending on the context.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Non-Specific Actions
Present Subjunctive, Clauses: Non-Specific Actions
Complete the translation.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Purpose and Condition
Present Subjunctive, Clauses: Purpose and Condition
Complete the translation.
Tutorial: Present Subjunctive, Relative Clauses: Remaining Details