Present Indicative
Prerequisite: Infinitive, Subject Pronouns
Regular Verbs
| cantar | comer | vivir | |
| yo | canto | como | vivo |
| tú | cantas | comes | vives |
| usted, él, ella | canta | come | vive |
| nosotros | cantamos | comemos | vivimos |
| vosotros | cantáis | coméis | vivís |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | cantan | comen | viven |
Irregular Verbs
1. Totally Irregular
| ser | estar | ir | |
| yo | soy | estoy | voy |
| tú | eres | estás | vas |
| usted, él, ella | es | está | va |
| nosotros | somos | estamos | vamos |
| vosotros | sois | estáis | vais |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | son | están | van |
haber –> hay
2. Irregular Yo
| traer | |
| yo | traigo |
| tú | traes |
| usted, él, ella | trae |
| nosotros | traemos |
| vosotros | traéis |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | traen |
3. Stem-Changing
| E -> IE | E -> I | O -> UE | +Y | |
| pensar | pedir | dormir | construir | |
| yo | pienso | pido | duermo | construyo |
| tú | piensas | pides | duermes | construyes |
| usted, él, ella | piensa | pide | duerme | construye |
| nosotros | pensamos | pedimos | dormimos | construimos |
| vosotros | pensáis | pedís | dormís | construís |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | piensan | piden | duermen | construyen |
4. Spelling-Change
| G -> J | -U | |
| escoger | distinguir | |
| yo | escojo | distingo |
| tú | escoges | distingues |
| usted, él, ella | escoge | distingue |
| nosotros | escogemos | distinguimos |
| vosotros | escogéis | distinguís |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | escogen | distinguen |
5. Combinations
| irregular yo | |
| E -> IE | |
| tener | |
| yo | tengo |
| tú | tienes |
| usted, él, ella | tiene |
| nosotros | tenemos |
| vosotros | tenéis |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | tienen |
6. Wild and Crazy Verbs
| oír | |
| yo | oigo |
| tú | oyes |
| usted, él, ella | oye |
| nosotros | oímos |
| vosotros | oís |
| ustedes, ellos, ellas | oyen |
Meaning
1. General information about the present
e.g. Tú cantas bien. = You sing well.
2. Actions in progress
e.g. Estudio. = I am studying.
3. Refer to the future.
e.g. Mañana viajamos. = Tomorrow we travel.
4. Could or would
e.g. ¿Me pasas la sal? = Would/could you pass me the salt?
5. Refer to the past
e.g. Ayer estoy en una tienda y… = Yesterday I am in a store and…
Statements, Questions, Exclamations
Affirmative statement –> Ella canta bien. = She sings well.
Negative statement –> Ella no canta bien. = She does not sing well.
Question –> ¿Ella canta bien? = Does she sing well?
Exclamation –> ¡Ella canta bien! = She sings well!
Tutorial: Present Indicative, Regular Verbs
| -AR | -ER |
| cantar (sing) | aprender (learn) |
| comprar (buy) | beber (drink) |
| contestar (answer) | comer (eat) |
| entregar (hand in) | comprender (comprehend) |
| escuchar (listen) | creer (think, believe) |
| estudiar (study) | deber (should/ought to, owe) |
| explicar (explain) | leer (read) |
| hablar (speak) | vender (sell) |
| necesitar (need) | |
| olvidar (forget) | -IR |
| pagar (pay) | escribir (write) |
| pasar (happen, pass) | recibir (receive) |
| preguntar (ask) | vivir (live) |
| trabajar (work) |
Instructions
1. Click anywhere on the card to see the answer.
2. If you know the answer, click “Got it!”. The word won´t come back.
3. If you don´t know the answer, click “Need more practice”. The word will come back.
[qdeck]
[q]to learn
[a]aprender
[q]to drink
[a]beber
[q]to sing
[a]cantar
[q]to eat
[a]comer
[q]to buy
[a]comprar
[q]to comprehend
[a]comprender
[q]to answer
[a]contestar
[q]to think, believe
[a]creer
[q]should/ought to, to owe
[a]deber
[q]to hand in
[a]entregar
[q]to write
[a]escribir
[q]to listen
[a]escuchar
[q]to study
[a]estudiar
[q]to explain
[a]explicar
[q]to speak
[a]hablar
[q]to read
[a]leer
[q]to need
[a]necesitar
[q]to forget
[a]olvidar
[q]to pay
[a]pagar
[q]to happen, pass
[a]pasar
[q]to ask
[a]preguntar
[q]to receive
[a]recibir
[q]to work
[a]trabajar
[q]to sell
[a]vender
[q]to live
[a]vivir
[/qdeck]
Tutorial: Present Indicative, Meaning 1
Tutorial: Affirmative and Negative Statements, Questions and Exclamations
Tutorial: Subject Placement
Tutorial: Present Indicative, Meaning 2
Tutorial: Present Indicative, Irregular Verbs
These verbs are the same as the verbs in the Essential Verbs 2 list. Click on the link for a fuller explanation of their meaning.
| Totally Irregular | O->UE |
| estar (be) | dormir (sleep) |
| ir (go) | morir (die) |
| ser (be) | poder (be able/can) |
| volver (come back/return) | |
| Irregular Yo | |
| hacer (do, make) -> yo hago | U->UE |
| poner (put, place) -> yo pongo | jugar (play) |
| traer (bring) -> yo traigo | |
| +Y | |
| E->IE | construir (build/construct) |
| entender (understand) | |
| pensar (think) | Spelling Change |
| perder (lose) | escoger (choose) |
| querer (want) | |
| Combinations | |
| E->I | decir (say, tell) – yo digo, e->i |
| servir (serve) | seguir (continue/keep on, follow) – sigo, e->i |
| pedir (ask for/order) | tener (have) – yo tengo, e->ie |
| repetir (repeat) | venir (come) – yo vengo, e->ie |
| Wild and Crazy | |
| oír (hear) – oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen |
Instructions
1. Click anywhere on the card to see the answer.
2. If you know the answer, click “Got it!”. The word won´t come back.
3. If you don´t know the answer, click “Need more practice”. The word will come back.
[qdeck]
[q]to build/construct
[a]construir (+Y)
[q]to say, tell
[a]decir (irregular yo -> digo, e->i)
[q]to sleep
[a]dormir (o->ue)
[q]to understand
[a]entender (e->ie)
[q]to choose
[a]escoger (spelling change -> escojo)
[q]to be
[a]ser (totally irregular), estar (totally irregular)
[q]to do, make
[a]hacer (irregular yo -> hago)
[q]to go
[a]ir (totally irregular)
[q]to play
[a]jugar (u->ue)
[q] to die
[a]morir (o->ue)
[q]to hear
[a]oír (wild and crazy)
[q]to ask for/order
[a]pedir (e->i)
[q]to think
[a]pensar (e->ie)
[q]to lose
[a]perder (e->ie)
[q]to be able to/can
[a]poder (o->ue)
[q]to put, place
[a]poner (irregular yo -> pongo)
[q]to want
[a]querer (e->ie)
[q]to repeat
[a]repetir (e->i)
[q]to continue/keep on, follow
[a]seguir (spelling change -> sigo, e->i)
[q]to serve
[a]servir (e->i)
[q]to have
[a]tener (irregular yo -> tengo, e->ie)
[q]to bring
[a]traer (irregular yo -> traigo)
[q]to come
[a]venir (irregular yo -> vengo, e->ie)
[q]to come back/return
[a]volver (o->ue)
[/qdeck]
| Irregular Yo | O->UE |
| caber (fit) -> yo quepo | acordar (agree, remember) |
| caer (fall) -> yo caigo | contar (count, tell) |
| conducir (drive) -> yo conduzco | costar (cost) |
| conocer (know) -> yo conozco | devolver (return-a thing) |
| crecer (grow) -> yo crezco | encontrar (find) |
| nacer (be born) -> yo nazco | mostrar (show) |
| parecer (seem) -> yo parezco | recordar (remember) |
| producir (produce) -> yo produzco | sonar (sound)) |
| saber (know) -> yo sé | |
| salir (leave) -> yo salgo | +Y |
| valer (be worth) -> yo valgo | destruir (destroy) |
| ver (see) -> yo veo | |
| Spelling Change | |
| E->IE | dirigir (direct) |
| cerrar (close) | proteger (protect) |
| comenzar (start/begin) | |
| convertir (convert, turn into) | Combinations |
| divertir (entertain, have fun) | conseguir (get, obtain) – yo consigo, e->i |
| empezar (start/begin) | |
| encender (turn on, light) | Wild and Crazy |
| preferir (prefer) | reír (laugh) -> río, ríes, ríe, reímos, reís, ríen |
| recomendar (recommend) | sonreír (smile) |
| sentir (feel) | |
| sugerir (suggest) | |
| E->I | |
| competir (compete) | |
| corregir (correct) | |
| despedir (say goodbye, fire) |
Instructions
1. Click anywhere on the card to see the answer.
2. If you know the answer, click “Got it!”. The word won´t come back.
3. If you don´t know the answer, click “Need more practice”. The word will come back.
[qdeck style]
[q]to fit
[a]caber (yo quepo)
[q]to fall
[a]caer (yo caigo)
[q]to drive
[a]conducir (yo conduzco)
[q]to know
[a]conocer (yo conozco), saber (yo sé)
[q]to grow
[a]crecer (yo crezco)
[q]to be born
[a]nacer (ya nazco)
[q]to seem
[a]parecer (yo parezco)
[q]to produce
[a]producir (yo produzco)
[q]to leave
[a]salir (yo salgo)
[q]to be worth
[a]valer (yo valgo)
[q]to see
[a]ver (yo veo)
[q]to close
[a]cerrar(e->ie)
[q]to start/begin
[a]comenzar (e->ie), empezar (e->ie)
[q]to convert, turn into
[a]convertir (e->ie)
[q]to entertain, have fun
[a]divertir (e->ie)
[q]to turn on, light
[a]encender (e->ie)
[q]to prefer
[a]preferir (e->ie)
[q]to recommend
[a]recomendar (e->ie)
[q]to feel
[a]sentir (e->ie)
[q]to suggest
[a]sugerir (e->ie)
[q]to compete
[a]competir (e->i)
[q]to correct
[a]corregir (e->i)
[q]to agree, remember
[a]acordar (o->ue)
[q]to count, tell
[a]contar(o->ue)
[q]to cost
[a]costar (o->ue)
[q]to return (a thing)
[a]devolver (o->ue)
[q]to find
[a]encontrar (o->ue)
[q]to show
[a]mostrar (o->ue)
[q]to remember
[a]recordar (o->ue)
[q]to sound
[a]sonar (o->ue)
[q]to destroy
[a]destruir (+Y)
[q]to direct
[a]dirigir (yo dirijo)
[q]to protect
[a]proteger (yo protejo)
[q]to get, obtain
[a]conseguir (yo consigo, e->i)
[q]to laugh
[a]reír (río, ríes, ríe, reímos, reís, ríen)
[q]to smile
[a]sonreír (sonrío, sonríes, sonríe, sonreímos, sonreís, sonríen)
[/qdeck]